• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    As the operating means (7) for a condensation nucleus counter for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines (4), an n-alkane having the general chemical formula CnH2n + 2 having an atomic number n of ten, eleven or twelve is used.
    公开号:AT514774A1
    申请号:T50537/2013
    申请日:2013-08-30
    公开日:2015-03-15
    发明作者:Martin Dr Kraft；Alexander Dr Bergmann
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Operating means for a condensation core counter for exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
    The subject invention relates to resources for a condensation nucleus counter for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and a condensation nucleus counter with a erfin¬dungsgemäßen resources.
    Exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine contain solid particles in the nm range which are too small to be detected directly by optical means. However, in order to make such solid particles measurable, so-called condensation nucleus counters are often used in which the exhaust gas is sent through a supersaturated atmosphere. The supersaturated atmosphere is e.g. in which the exhaust gas is saturated with vapors of a resource and then cooled. The solid particles then serve as condensation nuclei on which the supersaturated working fluid condenses, resulting in growth of the condensation nuclei. Such a condensation nucleus counter is e.g. from US Pat. No. 4,790,650 A or WO 12/142297 A1. The size of the solid particles from which this condensation process takes place depends on the supersaturation and is referred to as Kelvin diameter. The smaller the Kelvin diameter for a particular supersaturation, the smaller the solid particles can be, which leads to the condensation of propellant. According to specifications, e.g. For offgas, the particle size range of greater than 20 nm, typically 23 nm, to 2.5 ppm is to detect and the exhaust gas must be conditioned to a temperature of <35 ° C. before the saturator. The size of the particles increases as a result of the condensation at (to about 5 pm), which can then be detected individually optically, eg with optical particle counters based on scattered light.
    The current standard condensing core metering equipment for the measurement of particulate matter in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is 1-butanol (n-butanol), e.g. in EP 2 208 983 B1. The primary disadvantage of this resource is its chemical reactivity with the exhaust gas. The alcohol forms esters with acidic exhaust components which sequentially accumulate in the wick elements of the condensation nucleus counter and result in a reduction in gas saturation. Another practical disadvantage is a flash point of ~ 37 ° C, ie in the range of the desired temperature.
    In WO 01/31312 A1 a wealth of possible resources for a Kondensati¬onskernzähler were investigated, with the main focus here on the detection of very small molecules (less than 3nm) is set ge for the chemical analysis of chemical substances. It is stated that glycol is the most suitable propellant for such applications since it allows the smallest Kelvin diameter. In addition, alkanes, and especially hexane, heptane, octane and nonane as a resource are mentioned, but they all allow for worse Kelvin diameters and therefore are not described in WO 01/31312 A1 as preferred operating means for these applications.
    WO 01/31312 A1 further describes a method of selecting a resource from a group of chemical agents (e.g., alkanes) as the most suitable resource. For this purpose, the relative dielectric constant ε of the equipment should be used, and the equipment should be chosen in the chemical group which has the largest dielectric constant. The relative dielectric constant is a parameter known to the individual substances, e.g. from corresponding tables or specifications.
    One alternative used in the field of atmospheric research is the use of water as a resource (see, for example, WO 01/31312 A1). However, water is not applicable to the subject application in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines since water does not grow up sufficiently reliably on soot particles in the exhaust gas. In addition, water would make a fundamentally different system structure necessary due to the high diffusivity of water vapor in air, which water in conventional Kondensati¬onskernzählern for exhaust gas is not used. Thus, water as a resource for the subject application is not a useful alternative.
    From US 7,777,867 B2, e.g. the use of perfluorinated compounds, in particular of perfluoro-N-trialkylamines (for example perfluoro-N-tributylamine, Fluorintert FC-43) as propellant for a condensation nucleus counter known. Advantages of these resources are excellent chemical inertness and non-combustibility. However, a disadvantage of these propulsion means is the high density by which a delivery (and corresponding gas saturation) into condensation core counters of a particular design, e.g. with a vertical wick member, is not possible, which makes this compound of limited use. Moreover, perfluorinated compounds are expensive and potentially harmful to the environment, which makes the handling of such compounds expensive.
    It is therefore an object of the subject invention to provide a suitable resource for a condensation nucleus counter for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.
    This object is achieved by the use of n-alkane with the general chemical formula CnH2n + 2 with an atomic number n of ten, eleven or twelve as operating resources.
    In WO 01/31312 A1, the n-alkanes with the atomic number n of six (hexane) to none (nonane) have the worst properties compared to the other named resources and within the group of alkanes, those with higher atomic numbers have worse properties , eg a larger Kelvin diameter than alkanes with a lower atomic number. However, the method of selecting the working medium proposed in WO 01/31312 A1 fails, in particular, for alkanes, since the various alkanes have very similar dielectric constants, which makes reliable selection on the basis of this criterion impossible. If one nonetheless applies the specified criterion to the group of alkanes, then one would consider as a preferred resource e.g. Cyclohe-xane with a relative dielectric constant of 2.024 the n-alkanes with underlying relative relative dielectric constant preferential. Surprisingly, however, n-alkanes with the atomic number n of ten (decane, H10C22), eleven (undecane, C11H24) and twelve (dodecane, Ci2H26) are especially suitable especially for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, which is based on the disclosure of WO 01 / 31312 A1 was unforeseeable. The reason for this is considered to be that alkanes of atomic number ten (decane), eleven (undecane) and twelve (dodecane) are liquid at the desired operating temperatures and are substantially unreactive to the exhaust gas components, especially to organic acids, water, etc. no chemical reaction with exhaust constituents, eg Esterifications, etc., enter. Furthermore, alkanes generally do not mix with water, e.g. in the form of condensate in the exhaust gas, which prevents or at least reduces the contamination of the operating medium. In addition, such alkanes have a sufficiently high flash point at room temperature to prevent the formation of ignitable or explosive alkane air mixtures at room temperature, which would necessitate elaborate safety or explosion protection measures. Furthermore, these alkanes do not undergo phase transitions in the desired operating temperature range of -20 ° C to 50 ° C, e.g. liquid - gaseous. In addition, the toxicity of such alkanes is lower than the toxicity of the fuels used in Verbrennungsmo¬tor, whereby the handling of the equipment can be simplified. And last but not least, these alkanes also have a sufficiently high vapor pressure to allow for growth and thus also ensure reliable condensation on exhaust gas solid particles, in particular soot.
    The subject invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the figures 1, which shows by way of example, schematically and not limiting a Kondensationskern¬zähler for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.
    FIG. 1 schematically shows a condensation core counter 1 with a supply line 2 for the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine 4, which is e.g. is taken from the exhaust of the internal combustion engine 4. The exhaust gas enters a saturation unit 3, e.g. a porous saturation element 5 is supplied to the resource 7 from a resource reservoir 8. The exhaust gas flows through the saturation element 5 and is thereby moistened by the Betriebsmit¬tel 7. In the following condensation unit 6, which is cooled by suitable coolant, the operating medium 7 condenses in the exhaust gas onto the solid particles contained in the exhaust gas. The thus enlarged particles can then be counted in a particle counter 9. About a derivative 10, the exhaust gas is discharged again.
    From the cooled condensation unit 6, water is returned to a receptacle 18 via a filter 16 and a pump 17. Any dripping equipment 7 directly returns to the saturation unit 3
    Here, the particle counter 9 comprises a laser diode 19, the light of which is focused onto the exit point of the particle-laden exhaust gas supersaturated with operating medium via a focusing unit 20 and collected by a collector 21, fed to a detector 22. Thus, each individual particle can be detected and counted, and thus the Gesamtkonzentra¬tion the particles are detected in the exhaust gas.
    Deans (C10H22), undecane (C11H24) or dodecane (Ci2H26) are used as operating agent 7, or corresponding binary or ternary mixtures of decane (C10H22), undecane (C11H24) or dodecane (Ci2H26).
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. Use of n-alkane with the general chemical formula CnH2n + 2 with an order number n of ten, eleven or twelve as operating means (7) for a Kondensationskern¬zähler (1) for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines (4).
    [2]
    2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that as a resource (7) a binary mixture of n-alkanes with an atomic number n of ten, eleven or twelve is used.
    [3]
    3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that as the operating means (7) a ternary mixture of n-alkanes with an atomic number n of ten, eleven or twelve is used.
    [4]
    4. Condensing nucleus counter with an n-alkane with the general chemical formula CnH2n + 2 with an atomic number n of ten, eleven or twelve as operating means (7).
    [5]
    5. Condensing nucleus counter according to claim 4 with a binary or ternary mixture of n-alkanes with an atomic number n of ten, eleven or twelve as resources.
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    引用文献:
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    US4790650A|1987-04-17|1988-12-13|Tsi Incorporated|Condensation nucleus counter|
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    CN110102228B|2019-04-30|2020-06-02|清华大学|Internal combustion engine exhaust gas particle flow evolution process simulation device for reducing automobile emission|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50537/2013A|AT514774B1|2013-08-30|2013-08-30|Equipment for a condensation nucleus counter for combustion engine exhaust gases|ATA50537/2013A| AT514774B1|2013-08-30|2013-08-30|Equipment for a condensation nucleus counter for combustion engine exhaust gases|
    KR1020167008118A| KR102162573B1|2013-08-30|2014-08-28|Device for a condensation nucleus counter for internal combustion engine exhaust gases|
    JP2016537296A| JP6355740B2|2013-08-30|2014-08-28|Condensed nucleus counter working liquid for exhaust gas from internal combustion engines|
    EP14761302.0A| EP3039402B1|2013-08-30|2014-08-28|Device for a condensation nucleus counter for internal combustion engine exhaust gases|
    CN201480047220.8A| CN105492885B|2013-08-30|2014-08-28|The working media of the condensation nucleus counter of exhaust gas for internal combustion engine|
    PCT/EP2014/068267| WO2015028553A1|2013-08-30|2014-08-28|Device for a condensation nucleus counter for internal combustion engine exhaust gases|
    US14/912,487| US9897527B2|2013-08-30|2014-08-28|Operating medium for a condensation nucleus counter for internal combustion engine exhaust gases|
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